胶州湾大雾特征分析及不同下垫面气象要素对比分析-海洋预报

胶州湾大雾特征分析及不同下垫面气象要素对比分析

单位：1. 胶州市气象局, 山东胶州 266300;
2. 青岛市气象台 (青岛市海洋气象台), 山东青岛 266003

分类号：P732.1

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·39·第四期（59-68）

摘要：

利用2013—2019年胶州湾观测站的地面观测数据，探究胶州湾大雾的气候特征及不同下垫面的气象要素变化特征。研究表明：根据下垫面、大雾季节分布及类型占比，可将胶州湾观测站分为3类：第一类站点海雾占比较大，第二类站点辐射雾占比大，第三类站点海雾和辐射雾占比相当。胶州湾年平均雾日数44 d，大雾季节变化明显，多发生于冬季，夏末初秋最少。第一类站点大雾多发于5—7月，一天中雾出现的峰值时间为04—07时，消散时次集中在06—09时；第二类站点大雾多发生在冬季，开始时次集中在22时—次日05时，结束时次集中在06—08时；第三类站点大雾季节分布较均匀，日变化兼具海雾和辐射雾的特点。胶州湾内盛行的东南风为西部站点提供了更有利于大雾发展的充足水汽及适宜温度，湾区西部站点的雾日数多于东部。

Based on the ground observation data of observation stations in Jiaozhou Bay from 2013 to 2019, the climatic characteristics of heavy fog in Jiaozhou Bay and the variation characteristics of meteorological elements on different underlying surfaces are analyzed. The researches show that according to the underlying surface, seasonal distribution and type proportion of heavy fog, the observation stations in Jiaozhou Bay can be divided into three categories: the advection fog accounts for a larger proportion in the first type of stations, the radiation fog accounts for a larger proportion in the second type of stations, and the advection fog and radiation fog account for nearly the same proportion in the third type of stations. The annual average number of foggy days in Jiaozhou Bay is 44 days, and the seasonal variation of heavy fog is significant, which mostly occur in winter, and the least in late summer and early autumn. Heavy fog events at the first type of stations mostly occur from May to July with the peak time of fog appearing in a day between 04:00 and 07:00, and the peak time of fog dissipation between 06:00 and 09:00. Heavy fog events at the second type of stations mostly occur in winter with the fog beginning time mostly between 22:00 and 05:00 of the following day and the fog ending time mostly between 06:00 and 08:00. The heavy fog events at the third type of station have uniform seasonal distribution and the daily variations have both the characteristics of sea fog and radiation fog. The prevailing southeast wind in Jiaozhou Bay provides sufficient water vapor and suitable temperature which are more conducive to the development of heavy fog for the western stations, which causes the number of foggy days at the western stations in the bay area is more than that at the eastern stations.

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