珠江河口枯季咸潮上溯特征与机制分析-海洋预报

珠江河口枯季咸潮上溯特征与机制分析

单位：1. 国家海洋局南海预报中心, 广东广州 510310;
2. 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510310;
3. 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 广东广州 510310

分类号：P731.23

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2021·38·第五期（8-16）

摘要：

以珠江河口磨刀门和伶仃洋为代表，通过实测资料分析和数值模拟相结合的方法，对珠江河口枯季咸潮上溯特征和机制进行系统的研究分析。结果表明：在整个珠江河口，咸潮上溯主要通过底层入侵河道，而淡水主要通过表层流出外海。中潮期间的涨潮历时明显大于落潮历时是磨刀门水道在中潮期间出现咸潮上溯最大值的原因。伶仃洋整体盐度呈现东高西低的分布特征，盐度分层现象也较为明显，这主要与伶仃洋水下地形东深西浅以及注入淡水的口门分布在西侧有关。另外，表层低盐度水在科氏力和北风的作用下西偏，导致高盐度区域主要位于伶仃洋东部的深水区域，低盐度水团主要位于伶仃洋西侧浅滩区域。

Taking the Modaomen and Lingdingyang as examples, this paper systematically studies and analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary in the dry season based on both measured data analysis and numerical simulation. The result shows that the saltwater invades the Pearl River Estuary mainly through the bottom, while the fresh water flows out to open seas through the surface. The maximum value of saltwater intrusion in Modaomen waterway occurs during the mid-tide after neap tide since the duration of flood tide is significantly greater than that of ebb tide during the middle tide. The salinity is higher in the East and lower in the west with strong stratification in the Lingdingyang. That is mainly related to the underwater topography of Lingdingyang area, which is deep in the east and shallow in the west and the entrances for fresh water injecting into Lingdingyang are distributed on the west. In addition, the surface water with low salinity tends to move westward under the Coriolis force. Therefore, the high-salinity area is located in the deep water area of eastern Lingdingyang and the low-salinity area is mainly located in the shoal area of western Lingdingyang.

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