35°S以北的印度洋的气候状况和季风特征-海洋预报

35°S以北的印度洋的气候状况和季风特征

单位：1. 国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京;
2. 中国海上卫星测控部, 北京

分类号：

出版年·卷·期（页码）：1998·15·第四期（40-49）

摘要：

35°S以北的印度洋位于热带和副热带。北印度洋和印度次大陆及东南亚是全球最显着的季风气候区。北印度洋冬季为东北季风控制;但由于青藏高原阻断了冷空气,没有寒冷天气。夏季风在南亚和东南亚陆上主要表现为暴雨,在北印度洋上主要表现为强劲的西南风;特别是在阿拉伯海的索马里急流区,夏季经常有6～8级以上的西南大风。在春秋季的季风过渡季节,北印度洋时有台风发生,强风暴潮给孟加拉国造成极大的灾难。在南印度洋的副热带,全年都有副热带高压控制。南印度洋热带海区则为信风气候区,夏半年热带辐合带活跃,东西两部分都有台风发生发展,强西南季风和台风是海上航行的主要灾害性天气。

The Indian Ocean to the north of 35°S locates in the tropics and sub tropics.The North Indian Ocean, the India sub continent and Southeast Asia are the most famous monsoon regions.The North Indian Ocean is controlled by northeast monsoon in winter but it is not cold beacause cold air is blocked by Tibetan Plateau.The summer monsoon is expressed mainly as hevy rainfall in the South Southeast Asian continent,and as strong southwest wind over North Indian Ocean.Especially in Somalia jet stream region over the Arabian Sea,strong SW wind of force 6～8 grades or more usually blows in summer.In spring and autumn,the transit season of monsoon,sometimes,typhoon occurs over North Indian Ocean with very strong storm surge to leave very severe disaster in the Bangladesh.While in South Indian Ocean,subtropical high during summer half year prevails over the sub tropics the whole year.It is trade wind climate in tropics.During summer half year ITCZ is very active and typhoon occurs both in the western and eastern parts.Strong SW wind and typhoon are principal disastrous weather systems for navigation.

参考文献：

[1] Ramage,C.S.,Monsoon Met eorology,Academic press,New York and London,1971.
[2] 林之光等,三大洋气候,气象出版社,640,1991.
[3] Vol Loon H.主编,许启望等译,大洋气候,海洋出版社,581,1990.
[4] Webster,P.J.,The monsoon:Structure,properties,and role in interannual variabilyty,Proc.of Intern.Conf.on Monsoon Variability and prediction at Trieste,Italy,May,WMO/TD No.619,1~8,1994.
[5] 包澄澜,热带天气学,科学出版社,268,1980.
[6] Yasunari,T.et al,Role of tropical/ectratropical interaction of the monsoon/atmoasphere-ocean system(MAOS)in the tropics,Proc.of Intern.Conf.on M onsoon Variability and Prediction at Trieste,Italy,May,WMO/Td No.619,9~16,1994.
[7] Elsberry,R.L.et al,Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones,WMO/TD No.693,289,1995.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】