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摘要：
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| 基于上海沿海海域两个锚碇浮标站在台风“梅花”影响期间采集的实时观测数据，系统分析了该台风过境前后风浪的演变特征。结果表明：在台风云墙区，距离台风中心越近，平均风速越大；距离台风中心越远，风浪成长越不充分；在台风本体的移动过程中，随着台风“梅花”的趋近和远离，海浪波型呈现出“混合浪—风浪—混合浪”的交替特征；台风外围大风区风速并不是一直增大，台风经过两个浮标时气压最小值和平均风速最大值出现时间一致，波高最大值比风速最大值出现时间滞后1 h；最大有效波高越高，对应周期越长；风速与有效波高呈正相关，拟合效果较好；风对波浪具有直接驱动作用，当极大风速超过8级时，阵风系数趋于稳定的1.3±0.1区间；风速最大时风向主要为南风，而平均风向与波向之间无显著相关性。 |
| Based on the real-time observation data collected by two moored buoy stations in the coastal waters of Shanghai during the impact of Typhoon "Muifa", this study systematically analyzed the evolution characteristics of wind waves before and after the typhoon's passage. The results show that in the typhoon cloud wall area, the closer the distance to the typhoon center, the higher the monitored average typhoon wind speed. The farther the distance from the typhoon center, the more fully developed the wind waves. During the movement of the typhoon itself, as Typhoon "Muifa" experienced the process of approaching and then moving away, the wave patterns exhibited an alternating characteristic of "mixed waves-wind waves-mixed waves". The wind speed in the outer strong wind area of the typhoon did not keep increasing; the time of the minimum air pressure and the maximum average wind speed when the typhoon passed the two buoys was consistent, and the time of the maximum wave height lagged behind that of the maximum wind speed by one hour. The higher the maximum wave height of the sea waves, the longer the corresponding period. There is a positive correlation between wind speed and significant wave height, with a good fitting effect. Wind exerts a direct driving effect on waves. When the maximum wind speed exceeds Level 8, the gust factor tends to stabilize in the range of 1.3±0.1. The wind direction was mainly southerly when the wind speed was maximum, while no significant correlation was found between the average wind direction and the wave direction. |
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