黄渤海海雾诊断分析及卫星云图特征-海洋预报

黄渤海海雾诊断分析及卫星云图特征

单位：1. 丹东市气象台, 辽宁丹东 118000;
2. 中国气象局人工影响天气中心, 北京 100081;
3. 容城县气象局, 河北雄安新区 071700

分类号：P732.2

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第三期（21-33）

摘要：

利用MICAPS气象常规观测资料、NOAA PSL分析数据、ECMWF ERA5再分析数据，基于2009—2023年卫星云图观测结果，选取38个典型的黄渤海海雾个例，对黄渤海海雾天气的气候特征、形成及持续条件、边界层、卫星云图特征等进行诊断分析。结果表明：黄渤海海雾绝大多数在黄海生成，登陆后主要分布在辽东半岛东部及丹东地区。黄渤海海雾季节性分布特征主要与海表面温度的月变化相关。海雾形成的两个主要条件为黄渤海处于有利天气形势下且有偏南暖湿气流向北输送，以及海雾形成前6～24 h的气海温差在0～2.5℃阈值范围内。海雾的形成是降温增湿的过程。海雾的持续与逆温层厚度、温差和梯度相关，雾区上空有暖干层存在。受海陆分布、地形及输送水汽气流方向和分布等因素影响，海雾的分布区域与其在卫星云图上呈现的形态不同。此外，还对渤海海雾较少的原因进行了初步分析。

Utilizing the MICAPS conventional data, NOAA PSL analysis data, ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data and satellite cloud images, the weather, formation and persistence conditions, as well as boundary layer and satellite cloud image characteristics, of sea fog over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are analyzed based on 38typical sea fog events over the study area from 2009 to 2023. The results show that the vast majority of sea fog over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea form over the Yellow Sea, and distribute over the eastern Liaodong Peninsula and the Dandong region after landfall. Its seasonal distribution characteristics closely relate to monthly evolution of sea surface temperature. The main conditions for sea fog formation include: firstly a favorable weather situation with northward transport of warm and humid airflow from south, secondly air-sea temperature difference within threshold range of 0～2.5 ℃ during a period of 6～24 hours before the formation of sea fog. The formation of sea fog relates to the decrease of air temperature and the increase of air humidity, and the persistence of sea fog relates to the thickness, temperature difference and gradient of inversion layer with a warm and dry layer above the foggy area. Affected by land-sea distribution, terrain, and water vapor transport pattern, on site sea fog distribution are different from those on satellite cloud images. This work also studies the reasons why sea fog events over the Bohai Sea are less than those over the Yellow Sea.

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