冬春季动量下传引发浙江沿海灾害大风过程分析-海洋预报

冬春季动量下传引发浙江沿海灾害大风过程分析

单位：1. 浙江省台州市气象局, 浙江台州 318000;
2. 浙江省预警信息发布中心, 浙江杭州 310002;
3. 浙江仙居县气象局, 浙江仙居 317300

分类号：P732.4

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·39·第三期（66-74）

摘要：

对浙江沿海一次灾害性大风过程的成因进行分析,并通过相似个例分析,研究了此类突发大风的共性,提出了浙江冬春季动量下传引起的爆发性大风的基本天气模型。结果表明:深厚的强垂直风切变、显著的垂直速度和高低空温度平流的快速更替是造成本次大风的主要原因;另外,高低空辐合辐散场耦合配合冷空气挟卷,促进强对流云团中下沉负浮力增强,有助于强的动量下传引发突发大风。这类大风的天气模型特征为:在冬春多股冷空气活跃时,强冷中心维持,东北亚中高纬呈“一槽一脊”型,高空槽等压线密集;当高空槽槽快速转竖时,槽底可达30°N及其以南,同时配合中心风速达46 m/s以上的高空急流、强度达26 m/s以上的垂直风切变和显著的高低空温度差动平流。

The causes of a disastrous gale along the coast of Zhejiang province is analyzed in this paper. In addition, the commonality of such sudden gales by analyzing similar cases is studied, and a basic weather model of sudden gale caused by downward transportation of momentum in winter and spring in Zhejiang coastal area is proposed. The results show that strong vertical wind shear, significant vertical velocity and the rapid alternations of high-level and low-level temperature advection are the main reasons for this gale. Moreover, the coupling of convergence and divergence fields at high and low altitudes accompanied by the entrainment of cold air strengthens the sinking negative buoyancy in the strong convective clouds, which favors the strong downward momentum transmission that leads to the occurrence of sudden gales. The characteristics of the weather mode of such gales reveal that when cold air is active in winter and spring, the strong cold center maintains and the middle and high latitude of Northeast Asia shows a "one trough and one ridge" pattern with dense isobars of the upperlevel trough. When the high-altitude transversal trough quickly turns to vertical, the trough bottom can reach 30°N and its south. Also, it cooperates with the high-altitude jet stream with the central wind speed of over 46 m/s, the vertical wind shear over 26 m/s and strong temperature differential advection in the high and low altitude.

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