2018年澳门海域秋季水体温盐分布与层化特征-海洋预报

2018年澳门海域秋季水体温盐分布与层化特征

单位：广州海洋地质调查局, 广东广州 510000

分类号：P731.1

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·37·第五期（52-58）

摘要：

分析了2018年秋季澳门海域的温盐平面与垂向分布特征，并利用线性优化法确定上混合层深度。结果表明：澳门氹环岛近岸存在温度高于外海区域且梯度较大的暖水带，主干道内海水混合强烈，洪湾水道下泄径流量远大于上溯潮水，盐度整体偏低。温盐具有Ⅰ—Ⅳ4种典型的垂直分布类型：其中Ⅰ类具有明显的3层结构，即上混合层、跃层与下混合层，集中分布于紧邻开阔水域的东、南部海域；Ⅱ类结构的跃层梯度较小，无底部混合层，潮致混合效应较Ⅰ类强，主要存在于澳门南部海域，两者上混合层深度与水深比值约为0.6；Ⅲ类与Ⅳ类为强混合结构。澳门海域水体以混合作用为主，垂向交换条件良好，对海气热量与物质通量等的屏障作用微弱，利于大气复氧与水体自净。

This paper analyzes the characteristics of horizontal and vertical distribution of ocean temperature and salinity near Macau in autumn, and calculates the upper mixed layer depth using linear optimization method. It is found that there is a warm water belt near the coast with large temperature gradient, and the seawater in the main waterway is strongly mixed. The runoff of the Hongwan waterway is much larger than the upstream tide, and the salinity is generally low. The vertical distribution of temperature and salinity can be divided into four typical types. Type I shows significant three-layer structure in the eastern and southern areas adjacent to the open water, which are upper mixed layer, thermocline and the bottom mixed layer. The gradient of type Ⅱ has a smaller thermocline and halocline gradient without bottom mixed layer, which mainly locates south off Macau with stronger tidal mixing compared to that of type I. The ratio of the mixed layer depth to the water depth of both type I and type II is about 0.6. The type III and IV are strongly mixed structures. The sea water near Macau is dominated by mixing, which favors the vertical exchange and reduces the barrier effects on sea-air heat and material flux. That helps the atmospheric reoxygenation and self-purification of the water.

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