夏季北极太平洋扇区和白令海对流层结构分析-海洋预报

夏季北极太平洋扇区和白令海对流层结构分析

单位：国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081

关键词：北极太平洋扇区和白令海递减率对流层顶冷点对流层顶对流层结构逆温急流可降水量

分类号：P732.6

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·37·第三期（72-81）

摘要：

利用我国第六次-第九次北极科学考察雪龙船走航探空数据，计算北极太平洋扇区和白令海的夏季对流层高度，分析对流层内的风速、温度、水汽廓线，从而确定对流层结构，并分析各要素的垂直分布和经向分布特征。结果表明：夏季北极太平洋扇区和白令海的递减率对流层顶、冷点对流层顶平均值分别为10 003 m、10 116 m，对流层高度随纬度增加而降低。夏季北极大气对流层低层和对流层顶存在逆温，对流层顶的逆温高度和厚度随纬度增加而降低。大气可降水量与纬度呈负相关，且集中于对流层中低层。近地面的风速受地表摩擦力的影响较明显，对流层内的风速随高度增加而增大，高空急流的强度和高度随纬度增加而减小，风廓线和急流易受天气尺度过程的影响。研究结果揭示了夏季北极太平洋扇区和白令海的对流层结构，并可用于检验数值预报模式对北极大气垂直结构的预报效果、评估再分析资料描述北极大气垂直结构的能力。

Based on the sounding data collected by sailing "Xuelong" during the 6th-9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, the tropopause height over the Arctic Pacific sector and Bering Sea in summer is calculated and the profiles of wind speed, temperature and moisture within the troposphere are analyzed in this paper. Moreover, we reveal the structure of the troposphere as well as the characteristics of vertical and meridional distribution of each variables. The lapse rate tropopause (LRT) and cold point tropopause (CPT) over the Arctic Pacific sector and Bering Sea in summer are 10 003 m and 10 116 m on average, respectively. The tropopause heights deceases with latitude. Inversion layers can be found in the low troposphere and tropopause, and the height and thickness of the inversion later in tropopause decreases with latitude increasing. The precipitable water vapor shows a negative correlation with latitude, which concentrates in the mid-low troposphere. The surface wind speed is significantly influenced by the surface friction, and the wind speed increases in high altitude within the troposphere. Meanwhile, the strength and elevation of upper jet stream decreases with latitude, and the wind profiles and jet stream is prone to the influence of synoptic systems. The tropospheric structure over the Arctic Pacific sector in summer revealed in this study could be used to verify the accuracy of numerical models in forecasting the vertical atmospheric structures and to assess the capability of reanalysis data in describing the vertical atmospheric structures in the Arctic.

参考文献：

[1] 周立波, 刘宇, 邹捍. 北极地区楚克奇海域一次强逆温过程的分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2003, 8(2):188-195.
[2] 李响, 张占海, 王辉, 等. 北极大气边界层初步模拟试验[J]. 极地研究, 2006, 18(2):75-86.
[3] 卞林根, 陆龙骅, 张占海, 等. 北冰洋浮冰站大气边界层结构的观测研究[J]. 极地研究, 2006, 18(2):87-97.
[4] 陈志昆, 李志强, 丁明虎. 北极夏季大气垂直结构与空间分布特征[J]. 海洋学报, 2015, 37(11):68-78.
[5] 陈志昆, 魏立新, 李志强, 等. 2017年夏季北冰洋浮冰区海雾特征分析[J]. 海洋预报, 2019, 36(2):77-87.
[6] Kawai Y, Katsumata M, Oshima K, et al. Comparison of Vaisala radiosondes RS41 and RS92 launched over the oceans from the Arctic to the tropics[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2017, 10(7):2485-2498.
[7] 中国气象局. 常规高空气象观测业务规范[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2010.
[8] Bridgman H A, Schnell R C, Kahl J D, et al. A major haze event near Point Barrow, Alaska:analysis of probable source regions and transport pathways[J]. Atmospheric Environment (1967), 1989, 23(11):2537-2549.
[9] WMO. Definition of the tropopause[J]. WMO Bull, 1957, 6:136.
[10] 向玉春, 陈正洪, 徐桂荣, 等. 三种大气可降水量推算方法结果的比较分析[J]. 气象, 2009, 35(11):48-54.
[11] 杜一博, 张强. 气候变暖背景下全球对流层顶高度和温度的分布特征及变化趋势[J]. 干旱气象, 2017, 35(2):199-207.
[12] Randel W J, Wu F, Forster P. The Extratropical Tropopause inversion layer:global observations with GPS data, and a radiative forcing mechanism[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2007, 64(12):4489-4496.
[13] Wirth V. Static stability in the extratropical tropopause region[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 60(11):1395-1409.
[14] Paluch I R, Lenschow D H, Wang Q. Arctic boundary layer in the fall season over open and frozen sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 1997, 102(D22):25955-25971.
[15] 周淑贞, 张如一, 张超, 等. 气象学与气候学[M]. 3版. 北京:高等教育出版社, 1997.
[16] 朱乾根. 天气学原理和方法[M]. 4版. 北京:气象出版社, 2007.
[17] Liu Y, Zhou L B, Zou H. A temperature inversion in "Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 1999"[J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Science, 2002, 13(1):83-88.
[18] 马永锋, 卞林根, 周秀骥, 等. 北冰洋80°~85°N浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构[J]. 海洋学报, 2011, 33(2):48-59.
[19] Semenov E K, Sokolikhina N N, Tudrii K O, et al. Synoptic mechanisms of winter warming in the Arctic[J]. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 2015, 40(9):576-583.
[20] Graversen R G, Mauritsen T, Tjernström M, et al. Vertical structure of recent Arctic warming[J]. Nature, 2008, 451(7174):53-56.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】