台风“Megi”（2010）过程中海浪的特征及其对大气海洋的影响研究-海洋预报

台风“Megi”（2010）过程中海浪的特征及其对大气海洋的影响研究

单位：1. 国防科技大学气象海洋学院, 江苏南京 211101;
2. 中国人民解放军66199部队, 北京 100043;
3. 太原卫星发射中心, 山西太原 030000

分类号：P731.22

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·37·第三期（6-17）

摘要：

使用海-气-浪耦合系统模拟了台风"Megi"（2010）过程中海洋与大气变化过程，重点研究了台风浪的有效波高、波周期、波向和波长等波参数的分布特征，并通过一组针对海浪的控制试验检验了海浪对台风及海洋环流的影响状况。结果表明：台风过程中的海浪有效波高最高达到了12 m以上，波高高值区域在移动方向的右前方；台风中心附近的海浪波长最长，周期最大，谱峰周期大于平均周期，谱峰波向较平均波向向右偏转了15°~20°。通过与未耦合海浪模式的控制试验对比发现，通过拖曳作用，海浪调节了海面风速的大小，使得台风后部风速减小约3~5 m/s；同时，由于海面粗糙度的增加，台风内核区域潜热通量有所增加，最大达到了15%。另外，海浪的加入加剧了海洋混合，导致了更大程度的降温，模拟值更接近实况值，同时也改变了海流的方向，影响了SST等海洋热动力状态模拟的准确性。

Based on the fully Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport system, this paper simulates the response of atmosphere and ocean to typhoon "Megi" (2010), and analyzes the distribution characteristics of typhoon wave including the significant wave height, wave period, wave direction and wavelength. Moreover, the influence of wave on typhoon and ocean circulation is examined using a set of control run. The results show that the area of high wave height locates to the right-front of the typhoon moving direction with a maximum value of over 12 m. The longest wavelength and maximum wave period locates by the typhoon center, where the wave peak period is longer than the mean period and the wave peak direction is 15°~30° to the right of the mean direction. A control run without coupling wave is conducted to analyze its influence on typhoon and ocean circulation. It is found that the sea surface wind speed of the rear of typhoon is reduced by 3~5 m/s due to the ocean wave drag effect. The latent heat flux in the typhoon core is enlarged up to 15% as a result of the increase of sea surface roughness induced by wave. Furthermore, the ocean mixing is strengthened by wave, which leads to the cooling of sea surface temperature and the direction change of ocean currents.

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