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2008—2017年南太平洋温带气旋特征分析
作者:李秀镇1  宋盛凯1  郭文明2  钟剑1  李博3 
单位:1. 中国卫星海上测控部, 江苏 江阴 214431;
2. 91876部队气象台, 河北 秦皇岛 066203;
3. 鄄城县气象局, 山东 菏泽 274600
关键词:温带气旋 时空分布 移动路径 卫星云图中 
分类号:P443
出版年·卷·期(页码):2019·36·第六期(80-90)
摘要:
使用2008—2017年FNL再分析资料、红外云图资料和NMWW3海浪分析资料分析了南太平洋海域的温带气旋时空分布,归纳了主要发生源地和移动路径,分类总结了温带气旋的云图特征和风浪场特征。结果表明:(1)影响研究海域的温带气旋在5—10月份发生次数最多,11—4月份发生次数较少,其中以中等强度温带气旋发生频次最多,时间尺度以4~5 d为主;(2)澳大利亚东部及其以东海域、斐济东南侧中部大洋地区为温带气旋主要发生源地。根据源地,可将温带气旋分为4种类型:澳大利亚大陆型,澳大利亚东部型,澳大利亚南部型,南太平洋大洋中部型,其中南太平洋大洋中部型发生次数最多;(3)将研究时段内温带气旋移动路径划分为4种类型:打转型、东向型、东南型、南向型。其中东南向发生次数最多,其次是东向路径,打转型和南向型两种类型发生次数相当;(4)温带气旋初生时刻云系稀疏,其中澳大利亚东部型环高压后部分段分布,南太平洋大洋中部型呈现热带积状云特征,澳大利亚南部型云带呈倒“V”状且纹理光滑,澳大利亚大陆型云带则呈现范围宽广的特点。发展至成熟阶段的温带气旋,其云系向逗点状发展,环绕低压中心出现辐合特征,外围云系随环流向中心聚合。消亡阶段或遇到地形影响时,逗点云系发生断裂,云系逐渐稀疏;(5)东向型温带气旋影响下,单纯由温带气旋引起的大风大浪位置相对集中,当有冷空气等其他系统配合时风浪强度更强、范围更广。
The spatial and temporal distributions of the extratropical cyclones in the South Pacific Ocean are analyzed using the FNL reanalysis data, infrared satellite cloud map data and NMWW3 wave data from 2008 to 2017. The main source and movement paths are summarized, and the characteristics of satellite cloud maps as well as the wind and wave field of the extratropical cyclones are studied. The results show that the extratropical cyclones affecting the study area mostly occurr from May to October, and the number of occurrences in JanuaryApril was small. The medium-strength extratropical cyclone occurred most frequently with a duration of mainly 4-5 days. Eastern Australia and its eastern waters, and the central ocean area southeast of Fiji are the main sources of extratropical cyclones. According to the source, the extratropical cyclones can be divided into four types:Australian Continent, Eastern Australia, Southern Australia and Central Ocean of the south Pacific, among which extratropical cyclone occurs most frequently in Central Ocean of south Pacific. The moving path can be divided into four types:transformation, eastward, southeast and southward. The southeast type occurs most frequently followed by the eastward type, while the southward and transformation type occurs at the same frequency. The cloud system of the newborn extratropical cyclone is sparse. The cloud of the Eastern Australia types surround the back of a high-pressure synoptic system. The central ocean types have the same characteristic of tropical cumuliform cloud. The Southern Australia type has an inverted "V" shape and smooth texture. The cloud belt of Australian Continental type presents a wide range feature. In its mature stage, the cloud system develops into a comma-like shape with convergent features around the low-pressure center, and the peripheral cloud system aggregates with the circulation toward the center. In the dissipative stage the comma-like cloud system breaks and gradually becomes sparse. Under the influenced of the eastward-type extratropical cyclone, the locations of strong winds and waves are relatively concentrated. The wind and waves get stronger with a wider range when there is cold air or other weather system nearby.
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