温州沿海赤潮发生的水文气象条件及赤潮特征分析

作者：张福星  姚玉娟  马林芳

单位：温州海洋环境监测中心站, 浙江 温州 325011

关键词：赤潮|温州沿海|水文气象|特征

分类号：X55

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2016·33·第五期（89-94）

摘要：

统计分析温州沿海2010-2015年赤潮发生前期的水文气象资料，结果显示：温州沿海赤潮发生前期水温一般呈上升趋势，盐度维持或呈下降趋势，风速不大，风向以东北风、西南风和东南风为主。对2003-2015年温州沿海的赤潮监测数据进行统计分析，结果表明：（1）温州沿海赤潮发生频繁，赤潮主要发生在3-9月份，其中以5-6月份最多；（2）温州沿海的赤潮持续时间长，平均每次赤潮持续时间为8.1 d；（3）赤潮发生面积大，平均每次赤潮发生面积为111.2 km2，赤潮最大发生面积达到1 000 km2；（4）温州沿海的赤潮主要发生在苍南海域、洞头海域和南麂海域，其中发生在南麂海域的次数最多，占总次数的52.6%；（5）赤潮生物种类具有明显的演替现象；（6）有毒赤潮频繁发生，引发有毒赤潮的生物种主要是米氏凯伦藻和赤潮异湾藻。

Statistical analysis of hydro-meteorological data from 2010 to 2015 in Wenzhou coastal waters was done. The results indicate that:Prior to occurrence of red tide in Wenzhou coastal waters, the ocean water temperature always shows a rising trend and the salinity commonly sustains or shows a declining trend. The wind speed is low and the main wind directions are northeast, southwest and southeast. The monitoring data of red tide in Wenzhou coastal waters from 2003 to 2015 was analyzed, the results show that:(1) Red tides in Wenzhou coastal waters happen frequently. These red tides could happen from March to September and most of them happened during May and June; (2) The lasting time of red tide in Wenzhou coastal waters is long and the average lasting time is 8.1 days; (3) The occurrence area of red tides were large and the average occurrence area of each red tide was 111.2 km2. The maximum occurrence area was 1000 km2; (4) Most red tides happened in coastal waters of Cangnan, Dongtou and Nanji. The number of red tides happened in Nanji coastal area was high which was about 52.6% of total occurrence; (5) The species of red tide plankton have an obvious phenomenon of succession; (6) Poisonous red tides happened frequently in Wenzhou coastal waters. The major red tide plankton causing poisonous red tides were Karenia mikimotoi and Heterosigma akashiwo.

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