唐山湾精细化海区大风特征初步分析

作者：王畅1  刘倩1  龙强1  王锋1 2

单位：1. 唐山市曹妃甸工业区气象局, 河北 唐山 063200; 2. 唐山市气象局, 河北 唐山 063000

关键词：唐山湾 大风 统计分析 气候特征

分类号：P732

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2016·33·第一期（11-18）

摘要：

根据唐山湾的特殊地理环境,将其分为西部、南部和东部3 个海域,并选取3 个沿岸站、2个海岛站和1 个浮标站分别作为3 个海域的代表站,对每个站点的大风日数、风速、年际和月际的变化特征进行对比分析。结果如下:南部海域出现≥6 级的大风和极大风的天数最多,出现大风的概率与东部海域相当,均为西部海域的3 倍左右;整个唐山湾海域大风具有典型的季节性变化特征,呈两峰两谷分布,5 月和11 月是出现大风最多的月份;3 个海域的极大风速极值均在17.2 m/s 以上(8 级以上),7 月16 日急性型冷锋的出现使得嘴东站的极大风速达到31.2 m/s(11 级);唐山湾3个海域的≥6 级大风年主导风向为NE-ENE,≥6 级极大风年主导风向为ENE-E,所有大风几乎没有偏南的风向,即唐山湾6 级以上大风均以偏北风为主。综合分析3 个海域代表站的大风资料,可以精确的反映唐山湾海域大风的气候特征,更为各个海域的天气预报提供辅助工作。

According to the special geographical environment of Tangshan Bay, it is divided into three areas, western, southern and Eastern. Three coastal stations, two island stations and a buoy station are selected as representatives of the three areas. Each site on windy days, wind speed, inter annual and monthly variation characteristics of comparative are analyzed. The results are as follows: the southern areas have most day times that appearing ≥6 level wind and extreme wind. The probability of occurrence strong wind in the southern areas is similar with that in the eastern areas, which is both about 3 times than that in the Western areas. The great gale in Tangshan Gulf has typical seasonal variation characteristics, with two peaks and two valleys distribution. Majority of the great gale happened in May and November. The extreme wind speed in the three sea areas are more than 17.2 m/s (more than level 8), and the maximum wind speed reaches about 31.2 m/s (Level 11) in Zuidong Station in 16th July due to the acute of the cold front. The dominant wind direction of ≥6 level wind is NE-ENE over Tangshan Bay, while the wind direction of ≥6 extreme wind is ENE-E, and wind direction of ≥6 wind are dominated by northerly winds over Tangshan Bay. Comprehensive analysis of the wind data from representative stations in the three areas, it can accurately reflect the climate characteristics in Tangshan Bay, and provide a supplementary work for the weather forecast in all areas.

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