气候变化背景下海-气CO<SUB>2</SUB>通量获取方法综述-海洋预报

气候变化背景下海-气CO₂通量获取方法综述

单位：国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081

分类号：P734.4+5

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2015·32·第三期（84-91）

摘要：

综述了国内外海-气CO₂通量测量和估算方法的研究进展, 对各方法的原理、应用及优缺点做了简要介绍, 着重介绍了海洋碳循环数值模式的研究现状、原理方法等, 并对海-气CO₂通量研究的发展趋势作了展望。

This paper is attempting to provide an overview and a comparison between various measurement and estimation techniques of sea-air CO₂ flux domestic and overseas. Principle, application, merit and demerit are briefly introduced. Our special attention is given to the introduction of research status, theory and method of numerical simulation of the marine carbon cycle, additionally, the trend of its development is prospected.

参考文献：

[1] 王绍武, 罗勇, 赵宗慈, 等. 全球变暖的科学[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2013: 2.
[2] NOAA. Recent Monthly Average Mauna Loa CO₂ [EB/OL].[2014-6-5]. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/.
[3] NASA. Global Climate Change [EB/OL]. [2014-6-10]. http:// climate.nasa.gov/key_indicators#co2.
[4] 鲁中明, 戴民汉. 海气CO₂通量与涡动相关法应用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(10): 1046-1057.
[5] 戴民汉, 翟惟东, 鲁中明, 等. 中国区域碳循环研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(1): 120-130.
[6] Matthews B J H. The Rate of Air-Sea CO₂ Exchange: Chemical Enhancement and Catalysis by Marine Microalgae Type[D]. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1999.
[7] Fasham M J R. Ocean Biogeochemistry: The Role of the Ocean Carbon Cycle in Global Change[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2003: 123-l41.
[8] Keeling R F, Piper S C, Heimann M. Global and Hemispheric CO₂ Sinks Deduced From Changes in Atmospheric O₂ Concentration[J]. Nature, 1996, 381(6579): 218-221.
[9] 乔然, 王彰贵, 张滨, 等. 海洋中的CO₂观测与研究[J]. 海洋预报, 2005, 22(Z1): 106-114.
[10] Feely R A, Wanninkhof R, Milburn H B, et al. A New Automated Underway System for Making High Precision pCO₂ Measurements Onboard Research Ships[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1998, 377(2-3): 185-191.
[11] Takahashi T, Sutherland S C, Sweeney C, et al. Global Sea-Air CO₂ Flux Based on Climatological Surface Ocean pCO₂, and Seasonal Biological and Temperature Effects[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2002, 49 (9-10): 1601-1622.
[12] Wanninkhof R, Thoning K. Measurement of Fugacity of CO₂ in Surface Water Using Continuous and Discrete Sampling Methods[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1993, 44(2-4): 189-204.
[13] 胡敦欣, 马黎明, 张龙军, 等. 东海海洋通量关键过程[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2001: 140-149.
[14] Weiss R F. Carbon Dioxide in Water and Seawater: the Solubility of a Non-Ideal Gas[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1974, 2(3): 203-215.
[15] 陈立奇, 高众勇. 海洋二氧化碳测定最优方法指南[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2010: 86.
[16] Liss P S, Merlivat L. Air-Sea Gas Exchange Rates: Introduction and Synthesis[J]. The Role of Aie-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, NATO ASI Series, 1986, 185: 113-127.
[17] Tans P P, Fung I Y, Takahashi T. Observational Contraints on the Global Atmospheric CO₂ Budget [J]. Science, 1990, 247(4949):1431-1438.
[18] Woolf D K, Thorpe S A. Bubbles and the Air-Sea Exchange of Gases in Near-Saturation Conditions [J]. Journal Marine Research, 1991, 49(3): 435-466.
[19] Wanninkhof R. Relationship Between Wind Speed and Gas Exchange Over the Ocean [J]. Journal of Geophysical Reseach, 1992, 97(C5): 7373-7382.
[20] Jacobs M J, Kohsiek W, Oost W A. Air-Sea Fluxes and Transfer Velocity of CO₂ Over the North Sea: Results From ASGAMAGE[J]. Tellus B, 1999, 51(3): 629-641.
[21] Nightingale P D, Malin G, Law C S, et al. In Situ Evaluation of Air-Sea Gas Exchange Parameterizations Using Novel Conservative and Volatile Tracers [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2000, 14(1): 373-387.
[22] Ho D T, Law C S, Smith M J, et al. Measurements of Air-Sea Gas Exchange at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean: Implications for Global Parameterizations [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(16), L16611.
[23] 鲁中明. 近海环境表层海水pCO₂周日变化及控制过程[D]. 厦门: 厦门大学, 2007.
[24] Karl D M, Lukas R. The Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) Program: Background, Rationale and Field Implementation[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1996, 43(2-3): 129-156.
[25] Steinberg D K, Carlson C A, Bates N R, et al. Overview of the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS): A Decade-Scale Look at Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2001, 48(8-9): 1405-1447.
[26] Moncrieff J B, Massheder J M, De Bruin H, et al. A System to Measure Surface Fluxes of Momentum, Sensible Heat, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1997, 188-189: 589-611.
[27] Edson J B, Hinton A A, Prada K E, et al. Direct Covariance Flux Estimates from Mobile Platforms at Sea[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1998, 15: 547-562.
[28] Sarma V V S S, Saino T, Sasaoka K, et al. Basin-Scale pCO₂ Distribution Using Satellite Sea Surface Temperature, Chl a, and Climatological Salinity in the North Pacific in Spring and Summer [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2006, 20(3), GB3005.1-GB3005.13, doi: 10.1029/2005GB002594.
[29] 朱钰. 南海夏季海表pCO₂及海-气二氧化碳通量遥感研究[D]. 厦门: 厦门大学, 2008.
[30] 于潭. 海-气二氧化碳交换速度和通量的遥感反演方法研究[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院海洋研究所, 2013.
[31] Chen L Q, Xu S Q, Gao Z Y, et al. Estimation of Monthly Air-Sea CO₂ Flux in the Southern Atlantic and Indian Ocean Using In-Situ and Remotely Sensed Data[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2011, 115(8): 1935-1941.
[32] 季轩梁. 西北太平洋海洋生态系统碳循环数值模拟研究[D]. 北京: 国家海洋环境预报研究中心, 2013: 6.
[33] Craig H. Isotopic Standards for Carbon and Oxygen and Correction Factors for Mass- Spectrometric Analysis of Carbon Dioxide [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1957, 12(1-2): 133-149.
[34] Louanchi F, Hoppema M, Bakker D C E, et al. Modelled and Observed Sea Surface fCO₂ in the Southern Ocean: A Comparative Study [J]. Tellus B, 1999, 51(2): 541-559.
[35] Chai F, Dugdale R C, Pengc T H, et al. One-Dimensional Ecosystem Model of the Equatorial Pacific Upwelling System. Part I: Model Development and Silicon and Nitrogen Cycle[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2002, 49(13-14): 2713-2745.
[36] Wang X J, Christian J R, Murtugudde R, et al. Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Surface Water pCO₂ and Air-Sea CO₂ Flux in the Equatorial Pacific During 1980-2003: A Basin-Scale Carbon Cycle Model [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, 111(C7): C07S04 doi: 10.1029/2005JC002972.
[37] Liu G M, Chai F. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Primary and Export Production in the South China Sea: A Three-Dimensional Physical-Biogeochemical Model Study [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2009, 66(2): 420-431.
[38] Palacz A P, Chai F. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Nutrients and Carbon Uptake During 2004 and 2005 in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean [J]. Biogeosciences Discuss, 2012, 9(1): 701-744.
[39] Fennel K, Wilkin J, Levin J, et al. Nitrogen Cycling in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Results From a Three-Dimensional Model and Implications for the North Atlantic Nitrogen Budget [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2006, 20(3): GB3007.
[40] Fasham M J R, Ducklow H W, Mckelvie S M. A Nitrogen-Based Model of Plankton Dynamics in the Oceanic Mixed Layer [J]. Journal of Marine Research, 1990, 48(3): 591-639.
[41] 鲍颖. 全球碳循环过程的数值模拟与分析[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2011.
[42] Riley W J, Subin Z M, Lawrence D M, et al. Barriers to Predicting Changes in Global Terrestrial Methane Fluxes: Analyses Using CLM4Me, A Methane Biogeochemistry Model Integrated in CESM[J]. Biogeosciences, 2011, 8: 1925-1953.
[43] Tjiputra J F, Assmann K, Heinze C. Anthropogenic Carbon Dynamics in the Changing Ocean[J]. Ocean Science, 2010, 6: 605-614.
[44] Xu Y F, Li Y C, Chu M. A Global Ocean Biogeochemistry General Circulation Model and Its Simulations[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, 30(3): 922-939.
[45] 徐永福, 赵亮, 浦一芬, 等. 二氧化碳海气交换通量估计的不确定性[J]. 地学前缘(中国地质大学, 北京), 2004, 11(2): 565- 571.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】