1208号台风“韦森特”特征分析-海洋预报

1208号台风“韦森特”特征分析

单位：1. 国家海洋局南海预报中心, 广东省海洋预报台, 广东广州 510300;
2. 国家海洋局南海环境监测中心, 广东广州 510300

分类号：P444

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2013·30·第六期（13-20）

摘要：

利用广东省沿海海洋站及近海浮标的实测资料，运用气象学和水文学等基础理论，对201208号台风“韦森特”的特性进行了分析和探讨。分析结果表明：（1）“韦森特”中心经过地区出现气压随时间呈漏斗状急剧降升的变化特征；（2）水汽通量的增加反映出“韦森特”台风内部水汽输入的明显增加，从而使“韦森特”维持加强趋势。近地面水汽通量不断加大对台风的维持甚至加强是有贡献的；（3）“韦森特”西北行靠近的地区风速自东向西先后加大，并且风向是以台风中心为中心的逆时针圆周方向；在台风登陆前的风场平均风速明显大于登陆后的风速，且无论登陆前还是登陆后，大风区始终位于台风移动方向的后方；（4）在“韦森特”影响过程中，QF301和QF302浮标的有效波高和最大波高变化趋势基本一致；（5）汕尾至台山沿海各站最大增水出现时间集中在台风登陆前后几小时内。增水持续时间与大风时间对应，显示风力是风暴潮增水发生的主要因素。强降水可能也是风暴增水发生的因素之一。

In this paper, the characteristics of No.201208 typhoon "Vicente" were analyzed and discussed using the basic theory of meteorology and hydrology based on the data of Guangdong Province coastal marine stations and offshore buoys. The analysis results are as follow: (1) the air pressure changed sharply with time when "Vicente" center cross the region. (2) the increase of water vapor flux reflects that the internal vapor input of "Vicente" significantly increased, so that the "Vicente" maintained a strengthening trend. The increase of water vapor flux near the ground contributed to maintaining and even strengthening the typhoon. (3) the wind speed increased from the east to the west when "Vicente" near the region of the northwest line; the wind direction was counterclockwise and centered with the typhoon center; the average wind speed of wind field before typhoon landing is larger, and the larger wind-speed-area is always located in the rear of the typhoon along its moving direction. (4) the trends of significant wave height and maximum wave height of QF301 and QF302 buoy are basically the same during the "Vicente" impact process. (5) the occurrence of maximum water increase from Shanwei to Taishan coastal stations concentrated in the few hours before and after the typhoon landing. The increase of water and increase of wind intensity occured simultaneously, which indicates that the wind is the essential factor of the occurrence of the storm surge. Heavy precipitation may also be one of the factors that induce the increase of water during storm surge.

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