2010年登陆福建漳浦县台风的风暴潮特征分析

作者：万艳1

单位：福建省海洋预报台, 福建 福州 350003

关键词：台风 漳浦县 风暴潮 特征

分类号：P444

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2012·29·第五期（17-22）

摘要：

2010年连续三个台风在福建漳浦县登陆,创造了一年登陆当地台风个数的新纪录,并引发了严重风暴潮灾害。本文对比分析了三个台风风暴潮特征,结果表明:(1)三个台风风暴潮都具有开阔海域增水特征,最大增水出现在右半圆,并向两边递减;最大增水时空分布与台风移动路径和海岸地形相关,在南路"鲇鱼"和"狮子山"登陆后的偏南风作用下,湾口朝南的浮头湾出现过程最大增水,出现时间在台风登陆后;东路"凡亚比"台风在穿过台湾岛靠近沿海过程中,持续增强的偏东风,使湾口朝东的九龙江口出现最大增水,出现时间为台风登陆时刻;最大增水与台风登陆时的强度成正比;(2)东路的台风引发的增水出现在台风进入台湾海峡后,各站最大增水峰出现时间集中且明显;南路台风引发增水出现时间较早,持续时间长,最大增水峰不明显,过程最大增水出现在台风登陆后的局部区域。

Three typhoons landed consecutively in Zhangpu County, Fujian Province in 2010, which created a new record of the number of local typhoon landing, and caused sever storm surge disasters. The characteristics of three typhoon storm surges are analyzed. The results show that the water level increase occurred in the open sea for all of three storm surges. The largest water run-up appeared in the right semicircle, and gradually decreased on the both two sides. The spatial and temporal distribution of the maximum water level increase was related to the typhoon moving path and the coastal morphology. After typhoon Megi and Shizishan landing from the south path, the largest run-up in the water level increasing process which emerged after the typhoon landing appeared in the Futou bay with its mouth towards the south under the action of south wind. Whereas, in the process of typhoon Fanyabi from the east path passing through Helena island of Taiwan and approaching to the coast, under the effect of enhancing east wind the maximum increase of water level appeared at the estuary of Jiulong River with its mouth towards east at the moment of the typhoon landing. It is noticeable that the largest run-up is proportional to the typhoon landing intensity.

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