台风移动的一个简单模型

作者：刘式适  刘式达

单位：北京大学地球物理系, 北京

关键词：台风轨迹 摆渡船的运行

分类号：

出版年·卷·期（页码）：1996·13·第二期（1-5）

摘要：

本文分析了在江河中摆渡船的运行,并将台风比拟为摆渡船,给出了台风移动的一个简单模型。研究指出:若船速为V1,流速为V2,船驶向对岸的目标为F,则当|V1|<<|V2|时,船的运行轨迹为一直线;而当|V1|≈|V2|时,船的运行轨迹为以F为焦点的抛物线,将上述分析应用于台风,则台风速度相当于V1,台风环境空气的速度(即引导气流)相当于V2,因台风主要是切向运动,可利用角动量守恒原理计算它在台风范围内的平均值来表示|V1|,而|V1|按通常的引导气流计算方法求得。

In this paper the movement of ferry-boat is analyzed. Comparing the typhoon with the ferry-boat a simple pattern of typhoon tracks is presented. The research shows that let V1 and V2 be the ship and current velocities, respectively, the ship takes aim at F, such that when |V1|<<|V2|, the track of ferry-boat is a straight line; when |V1|≈|V2|, I its track is aparabola with the focus F. Applying the above analysis to the typhoon tracks and comparing thetyphoon with the ferry-boat V1 and V2 are corresponding to the velocities of typhoon and steering flow,respectively. Because the prime motion in typhoon is tangential |V1| is regarded asthe mean value of the tangential velocity which is calculated by means of the conservation of angular momentum, while |V2| is obtained by the steering flow.

参考文献：

[1] 王达文、周晓珊,(1985).台风路径的天气-动力统计(T-SDS)预报方法.台风会议论文集(1985),168~196. [2] 朱永褆,亻儿允琪等,(1982),台风路径预报密网格棋式的试脸.气象学报.40, 3: 257~290 [3] Holland, G..J,(1984 ), On the dynamics of tropical cyclone atruetuel ehangea, Quart.J. R. Met. Soc.,110, 723~745 [4] 刘式适.杨大升(1980),台风的螺旋结构.气象学报.38,2,193 ~204.

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