1997～98年冬季大气环流变化及中国近海海区天气气候特征-海洋预报

1997～98年冬季大气环流变化及中国近海海区天气气候特征

单位：国家海洋环境预报中心北京

分类号：P444

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2000·2000·第二期（39-48）

摘要：

1997-98年发生了近百年最强的厄尔尼诺现象,本文对1997-98年冬季(12-2月)500hPa环流特征、东亚温带气旋活动及天气特征进行了分析.同时也对多年厄尔尼诺过程、非厄尔尼诺过程相对应的大气环流及天气特征做了对比分析.研究表明,厄尔尼诺年北半球500hpa环流30°N以南低纬地区位势高度偏高:中纬度的槽脊分布与多年平均有较大不同,东亚大槽偏弱,同时北美大槽减弱,北太平洋高压也减弱,西风环流指数偏强,西太平洋副热带高压西伸明显,强度偏强.中国东部沿海气旋分布特征为北部偏少,南部明显偏多:降水为东部沿海地区偏多明显;气温为南部海区出现高温的机率较大。

The strongest EL Nino phenomenon within recent 100 years occurred in 1997~98. The feature of general circulation of 500hpa in winter of 1997~98 and the activity of extratropical cyclones have been analyzed in this paper. The of the general circulation and the feature of weather related to multi-year EL Nino and non ELNino are also compared and discussed. It is shown that in the year of EL Nino,the geopotential height at 500hpa in low latitude south of 30°N is higher than the normal and the distribution is quiet different from the multi-year average. The East Asia and the North American the trough and ridge in middle latitude and the northern pacific high are weaker than the normal. The indices of west circulation is stronger than the normal. The western pacific subtropical high is apparently extends to the west and is much stronger. The feature of cyclones in the East Coast of China is that the number of the cyclones is less in the north and more in thesouth. The rainfall in the eastern coast is apparently more. The temperature in the south is above the normal.

参考文献：

[1] 朱翠娟,苏立荣.厄尔尼诺时期中国东部地区天气特征, 应用气象学报,1990,1(1):63～69.
[2] 赵振国.厄尔尼诺现象对北半球大气环流和中国降水的影响,大气科学,1996,20,(4),422～428.

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