台风生成的卫星云图特征-海洋预报

台风生成的卫星云图特征

单位：1. 中国卫星海上测控部气象室, 江阴;
2. 国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京

分类号：P458

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2000·2000·第三期（1-10）

摘要：

本文对1993～1999年近100个台风过程作了卫星云图特征分析,并计算了10个过程的云顶黑体温度(TBB),结合旬平均海表面温度分布,以研究台风生成前期的特征条件,得出结论为:具有涡旋状结构的热带云团,如果出现一条或几条长达500～1000km以上的长云带卷入低压内部,云团中心部分的云顶黑体温度(TBB)降低到河-70℃以下,而且TBB＝-60℃的范围扩大到3×4个纬距以上,则低压很可能在24h以内发展成为热带风暴──台风。另外海表面温度SST≥29℃则很可能是台风生成的最重要的环境条件。这些结论不仅加深了对台风生成前期条件的认识,还提供了若干台风生成的量化条件,可应用于实际台风生成的预报。

In this paper, about 100 typhoon processes are analyzed on their satellite cloud maps’ characters, and the cloud top black body temperature (TBB) of 10 typhoon processes are calculated. They are associated with 10-days average sea surface temperature distribution to study the features and conditions in the early stage of typhoon formation.Some conclusions are found as follows:If a tropical cluster with a vortex structure has following conditions:1. One or more long outer cloud bands of more than 500~ 1000km being involved in the inner part of low depression;2. The black body temperature (TBB) of cloud top lowering to less than -70℃;3. The limits of TBB = -60℃ expanding to 3×4 latitude degree. This tropical depression would, very possibly, develop into a tropical storm-typhoon in 24 hours. In addition, sea surface temperature SST≥29℃ would be,very possibly, the most important environmental condition necessary for typhoon formation.These new conclusions will not only deepen our understanding on the early stage necessary conditions for typhoon formation, but also provides some quantitative conditions of typhoon formation. They can be easily applied to actual forecasting of typhoon formation.

参考文献：

[1] 包澄澜.热带天气学.科学出版社,1980,269.
[2] 陈联寿,丁一汇.西太平洋台风概论.科学出版社,1979,491.
[3] Dvorak V.F,Smigielski F.A Workbook on Tropical Clouds and Cloud Systems Observed in Satellite Imagery,NOAA,1993,437.
[4] 包澄澜.西南涡发展成南海台风的个例分析.气象学报,1981,39(1):123～127.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】