黄、渤海沿岸港湾的假潮及成因探讨

作者：李培顺  曹丛华  王爱莲

单位：国家海洋局北海预报中心 山东 青岛 266033

关键词：假潮 危害性 成因 风场变化 雷暴大风

分类号：P731

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2003·2003·第四期（5-13）

摘要：

本文通过对日照港以北黄、渤海沿岸18个港湾8～27年假潮资料的分析,给出了不同区域港湾的假潮状况和成因。在该区域只有龙口港可时常发生100cm左右的大振幅假潮和>150cm甚至>300cm的特大振幅假潮,属假潮特别严重和唯一发生较大危害性假潮港湾:其余分属假潮相对较重、较轻和无假潮港湾,其假潮基本不具危害性或无危害性。分析结果表明其突然而剧烈的风场变化是导致各港湾假潮的直接原因,地理环境差异是造成港湾假潮强弱的关键因素;龙口港100cm左右和>150cm的大和特大振幅假潮,是其特殊地理环境、港湾及附近大范围海域骤猛的向港爆发性大风,尤其强雷暴大风涌水在港内骤然积聚和海水惯性振荡的综合结果。

In this paper, 8-27 years seiche data in 18 harbors along Yellow Sea-Bohai Sea to the north of Rizhao Harbor are analyzed. It is pointed that, large seiche of about 100cm (with some≥150cm or even ≥300cm) were usually observed in Longkou Harbor which is the most serious seiche harbor and only one with large disaster. Others are heavy, light and no-seiche harbors without serious disaster. Analysis results show that, sudden and strong wind field changes is the direct cause of seiche, while geographic environmental difference is the important factor resulting in different seiche intensity. Large (about 100cm) and extremely large (≥150cm) seiche in Longkou Harbor is comprehensive result of many factors, such as: special geographic environmental, sudden and strong harbor ward gale, especially thunderstorm gale which introduces surge water accumulates in harbor, and inertial vibration, etc.

参考文献：

[1] (日本)比谷正一,木尾浦欣二郎.长崎湾中水位大幅度振动(一种假潮)的起因[J].施平.译自Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan1982,38 (1): 172～182. [2] 李坤平,等.渤海、黄海沿岸主要港湾假潮的基本特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(2):128～138 [3] 曹丛华,等.渤海、黄海沿岸主要港湾大振幅假潮成因的天气学分析[J].海洋学报,2001,23(5):22～32 [4] 李坤平,等.大鹏湾的假潮现象[J].黄渤海海洋,1990,8(3):11～15.

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