江苏海上风电场风况特征及对发电量的影响研究-海洋预报

江苏海上风电场风况特征及对发电量的影响研究

单位：1. 江苏省气象服务中心, 江苏南京 210044;
2. 江苏海洋气象研究工作站, 江苏连云港 222000;
3. 国电投江苏海上风力发电有限公司, 江苏盐城 224000;
4. 国电投南通新能源有限公司, 江苏南通 226300

关键词：海上风电场风况特征天气类型发电量

分类号：P732.1;TM614

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第五期（73-85）

摘要：

利用搭载在江苏海上风电场5座升压站上的气象观测站数据，统计分析了江苏海上风电场的风况特征及主要天气类型对发电量的影响。结果表明：观测期内江苏海上风电场的年平均风速为3.8 m/s，中广核升压站年平均风速最高为4.8 m/s，年平均风速在空间上呈现自北向南增大的特点；6级及以上大风日变化特征表现为00-05时大风发生次数最多，下午—上半夜最少，不同站点每月均有大风发生，季节性变化不明显；8级以上大风多出现在8月—翌年1月，且发生频率最高的风向为东南偏南风和东北偏北风，分别由台风和冷空气引起。影响江苏海上风电场发电量的主要天气类型有热带气旋型、江淮气旋型和冷空气型，其中冷空气型在江苏海上风电场发生次数最多，对发电量的影响最频繁，热带气旋型发生次数较少，但对发电量的影响最大，对电网的冲击最强。

Utilizing automatic meteorological observations collected at the Jiangsu offshore wind farm booster stations, a statistical analysis is conducted on the wind condition characteristics and the impact of primary weather types on power generation. The results reveal that the annual mean wind speed during the observation period is 3.8 m/s, the highest annual mean wind speed is 4.8 m/s recorded at the China General Nuclear booster station. Moreover, the annual mean wind speed increases from north to south in the wind farms. Concerning the daily variation characteristics of strong winds with a magnitude of 6 and above, the occurrence frequency peaks between 00:00—05:00, in contrast to the low frequency from afternoon until midnight. Strong winds are observed in all months at different stations, but without significant seasonal variation observed. Notably, the prevailing wind directions with the top frequencies of strong winds exceeding magnitude 8 are the south-southeast and northnortheast, which are mainly observed from August to the next January, likely caused by typhoons and cold air masses. Three primary weather types affect the power generation of Jiangsu offshore wind farms: tropical cyclones, Jianghuai cyclones, and cold air systems. The cold air systems are the most prevalent in Jiangsu offshore wind farms and exert the most significant influence on power generation. Although tropical cyclones occur with low frequency, they have the most significant impact on power generation and pose the strongest influence on the power grid.

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