珠江口风暴潮期间波致增水分布数值研究-海洋预报

珠江口风暴潮期间波致增水分布数值研究

单位：1. 河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室, 江苏南京 210098;
2. 自然资源部海洋减灾中心, 北京 100194

分类号：P731.23

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第五期（33-42）

摘要：

基于ADCIRC+SWAN模式，构建了珠江口海域的风暴潮和台风浪耦合模型，并通过对天文潮、风暴潮和台风浪的模拟对模型进行验证。通过比较5类15场典型台风过程中珠江口海域的波高和波致增水特征，剖析了珠江口风暴潮期间波致增水分布特征。研究表明：在典型台风期间，珠江口波致增水主要分布于磨刀门和三灶岛附近的浅滩，增水最大值超过0.35 m，并且由口门—上游河道、浅水—深水递减；其次分布在黄茅海、大鹏湾、大亚湾处，增水最大约为0.30 m；从台风类型来看，受向岸风影响，西岸登陆型台风造成的波致增水显著大于其他类型台风。

A coupled model of storm surge and typhoon waves along the Pearl River Estuary was constructed based on the ADCIRC and SWAN models, and validated through simulations of astronomical tides, storm surges, and typhoon waves. By comparing the wave-induced elevation characteristics in the Pearl River Estuary during 15 typical typhoon events, this study shows that the wave-induced elevation in the Pearl River Estuary is mainly distributed over shoals near Modaomen and Sanzao Island, with a maximum value exceeding 0.35 m. The wave-induced elevation decreases from the estuary to upstream river channels and from shallow to deep water. Additionally, significant wave-induced elevation occurs at Huangmaohai, Dapeng Bay, and Daya Bay, reaching a maximum value of approximately 0.3 m. The wave-induced elevation caused by typhoons with landfall on the western coast is significantly greater than those caused by other types of typhoons.

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