日本海及其海峡通道潮汐与潮流特征分析-海洋预报

日本海及其海峡通道潮汐与潮流特征分析

单位：国防科技大学气象海洋学院, 湖南长沙 410073

分类号：P731.23;P722.3

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·40·第二期（45-55）

摘要：

利用验潮站数据和有限元解潮汐模型FES2014数据集对日本海及其海峡通道的潮汐和潮流分布特征进行了系统分析，并对不同分潮流在海峡内分布的成因进行了一定的动力分析。结果表明：由于日本海的半封闭特性，除了海峡通道的潮汐振幅和潮流较大外，海盆内部均较小。所有分潮中，M₂分潮振幅最大。朝鲜海峡北部和鞑靼海峡南部各有1个半日潮无潮点，朝鲜海峡北部、津轻海峡和宗谷海峡内存在日潮无潮点。朝鲜海峡潮流强流区位于海峡西南部和对马岛南北两侧海域，半日潮流西水道强于东水道，日潮流东西水道相当，M₂分潮流最强，可达60 cm/s。津轻海峡和宗谷海峡的K₁和O₁分潮流较强。进一步分析发现，海峡内分潮流的分布与地形及分潮的同潮时分布密切相关。日本海内部潮汐和潮流类型均以不正规半日潮为主，朝鲜海峡主要为正规半日潮汐和不正规半日潮流，津轻海峡和宗谷海峡主要为不正规半日潮汐和正规日潮流。

Using tidal stations and Finite Element Solution 2014 (FES2014) tidal data set, the characteristics of tide and tidal current in the Japan Sea and its straits are analyzed systematically, and the dynamical reason for the distributions of strong current of tidal components is revealed. The results show that both the tidal amplitude and current velocity are relatively large in the Japan sea dannel and are small in the Japan sea due to the semi-closure state of the Japan Sea. M2 is the tidal constituent with the largest amplitude in the Japan Sea and its straits. There are one semi-diurnal amphidromic points located in the north of Korea Strait and the south of Tartar Strait, respectively. And there tends to be diurnal amphidromic points located in the north of Korea Strait, Tsugaru Strait and Soya Strait, respectively. In the Korean Strait, the regions of southwest of the Strait and the north and south sides of Tsushima Island show strong current. The semi-diurnal current in the western channel is stronger than that in the eastern channel, while the speed of diurnal current in the two channels is almost the same as each other. M₂ is the tidal component with the largest tidal current, and its maximum current velocity can reach to 60 cm/s. In the Tsugaru Strait and the Soya Strait, the tidal currents of K₁ and O₁ components are stronger than that of M₂ and S₂ components. Further analysis shows that the distribution characteristics of tidal current in the strait are closely related to the topography and the distribution of phase-lag and amplitude. The internal Japan Sea mainly shows irregular semi-diurnal tides and tidal current, the Korean Strait is dominated by regular semi-diurnal tide and irregular semi-diurnal tidal current, and both the Tsugaru Strait and the Soya Strait mainly show irregular semidiurnal tides and regular diurnal tidal current. The results of this study are helpful to systematically understand the tidal characteristics of the Japan Sea and its straits.

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