三种典型路径下的台湾海峡台风浪特征研究-海洋预报

三种典型路径下的台湾海峡台风浪特征研究

单位：福建省海洋预报台, 福建福州 350003

分类号：P731.22

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2018·35·第六期（1-12）

摘要：

以WRF风场驱动SWAN波浪模式，模拟分析了北路、中路、南路3种典型台风路径下，台湾海峡及周边海域的台风浪的特征。结果发现：（1）数值模拟与浮标实测情况基本一致，并模拟出台风浪场右半圆大于左半圆、前进象限以涌浪为主、主波方向辐射向前传播、台风的正后方向的主波向混乱等特征；（2）在中路和南路台风影响时，台湾海峡较早出现15 m/s的风速等值线，但是海峡内风场与台风风场被台湾岛地形分割致使海浪成长风区变短，而且远海涌浪无法传播到海峡内部，使得海峡内海浪没有达到远海同样风速区域的6 m左右的高度；（3）中路台风影响下，台湾海峡的浪场受台湾岛的影响出现异常明显的不对称性结构，台湾海峡北部混合浪和涌浪高出海峡南部很多；（4）台湾海峡海浪能量谱方向与局地风向之间角度较大，在北路台风影响下北部有明显的自东向西的周期大于15 s的涌浪谱，在南路台风西行时出现两股明显的成直角的风浪谱和涌浪谱。这些特征对船舶航行安全有潜在危险。

The SWAN wave mode driven by the WRF wind field is used to simulate the characteristics of typhoon waves in the Taiwan Strait and surrounding sea areas under the three typical paths of the North Path, the Middle Path and the South Path. The results show that:(1) The numerical simulation is basically consistent with the actual measurement of the buoy. The right semicircle of the typhoon wave field is larger than the left semicircle. The forward quadrant is dominated by swells, and the main wave direction radiates forward, and the main wave direction of the typhoon in the rear is chaotic. (2) Under the influence of the typhoon by the Middle Path and the South Path, the wind speed contour of 15m/s appears earlier in the Taiwan Strait, but the wind field in the strait and the typhoon wind field are divided by the topography of Taiwan Island, which shortened the wind fetch for the waves grew. The swell of the open sea cannot spread to the interior of the strait, so that the waves in the strait do not reach the height of about 6m in the same wind speed area in the open sea. (3) Under the influence of the typhoon by the Middle Path, the waves in the Taiwan Strait are obviously asymmetrical which mainly affected by the island of Taiwan. The mixed waves and swells in the northern part of the Taiwan Strait are much higher than the southern part of the strait. (4) The angle between the wave energy spectrum of the Taiwan Strait and the local wind direction is relatively large. Under the influence of the typhoon by the North Path, there is a clear swell spectrum from the east to the west with a period longer than 15s. Two remarkable spectrums of wind-wave and swell are at right angles, which appears when the typhoon moving west by the South Path. These characteristics are potentially dangerous to the safety of the ship.

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